Begumganj and Senbagh upazilas on the north, Hatiya upazila on the south, Companiganj (Noakhali) and Sandwip upazilas on the east and Ramgati and Lakshmipur Sadar upazilas on the west.

Noakhali Sadar thana was established in 1861 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of two municipalities, 18 wards, 47 mahallas, 21 union parishads, 315 mouzas and 287 villages.

Noakhali Sadar Upazila is located in Noakhali District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Noakhali are Begumganj Upazila, Chatkhil Upazila, Companiganj Upazila, Hatiya Upazila, Noakhali Sadar Upazila, Senbagh Upazila.