Laksham and Shahrasti upazilas on the north, Lakshmipur Sadar upazila on the south, Begumganj upazila on the east and Ramganj upazila on the west.

Chatkhil thana was established in 1977 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of 9 union parishads, 113 mouzas and 136 villages.

Chatkhil Upazila is located in Noakhali District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Noakhali are Begumganj Upazila, Chatkhil Upazila, Companiganj Upazila, Hatiya Upazila, Noakhali Sadar Upazila, Senbagh Upazila.